World War II Speech

World War II Speech I. World War II was the most devastating war in world history. The war resulted in horrific property damage as well as about 17 million military deaths and even more civilian deaths.(click) The devastation of the war was mainly due to the advanced military weapons used, from the infantry on the front line to the ships in the sea and the planes in the sky, these weapons destroyed lives and property in nearly every part of the world. The United States became involved in the war in 1939. (Click) a. The government is constantly coming up with more efficient ways to win wars through technology. World War II was the most devastating war in history. It resulted in major property damage and about 17 million military deaths and more civilian deaths. (click) b. The devastation of the war was due to the advanced technology, from the infantry on the front line to the ships in the sea and the planes in the sky, these weapons destroyed lives and property in nearly every part of the world.(Click)A U.S. Navy Grumman F6F-3 Hellcat of fighter squad...c. First I will talk about new technologies that the troops on the ground used, next I will discuss the implementation of armored tanks that were used, and finally I talk about the advancements the Navy made during World War II. (Click) II. World War II was a war of the infantry. Hundreds of thousands of allied soldiers fought and died on the front line due to theses following weapons. The allied forces used many different types of firearms throughout the war. The GI's on the front line used rifles, shotguns, machine guns, automatic rifles, mortars, bazookas, recoilless rifles, grenades, sub machine guns, knives, pistols, flamethrowers, armored vehicles and tanks to achieve their objectives. World War II was the introduction for the bazooka, flamethrower,

10 Tips for Getting Rid of Fruit Flies

10 Tips for Getting Rid of Fruit Flies Fruit flies are one of the most persistent kitchen pests. These tiny winged marauders procreate quickly and stick around long after youve tossed the fruits and veggies that first attracted them. If youre at your wits end with these nuisances, dont despair. Getting rid of them requires patience and smarts but these tips will help you eliminate any potential fruit fly breeding grounds in your home so youll be able to make them go away- and keep them from coming back. 1. Dispose of Any Rotting Fruits and Vegetables First things first: The minute you see even a few fruit flies, its time to purge your unrefrigerated produce. Anything thats beyond ripe, oozing liquid, or has been cut or broken open must go. Dont just throw things in the garbage or compost bin, either- unless your compost bin is outdoors and located a distance from your house. Bag everything up and take it outside to the trash. And be sure to clean up any residual mess left behind on countertops or in containers. 2. Scrub Your Recycling Cans Anything thats sweet or fermented or has a little moisture is a suitable habitat for fruit flies. Empty soda cans, wine bottles, and beer cans completely and rinse them out. After youve taken all bottles and cans out for pickup, give the bin a thorough scrubbing to remove any beer, wine, or juice residue. 3. Take Any Compost Scraps Outside If you compost kitchen scraps and find you have fruit flies buzzing about, its time to clean out the compost bin. Until you get the infestation under control, youll need to take produce scraps directly to your outdoor compost pile. Empty any indoor compost containers and give them a good scrubbing, too. 4. Replace Old Sponges, Mops, and Dishrags Did you know that fruit flies can breed on sour sponges, mops, and dishrags? If you havent changed your kitchen sponge or your mop refill recently, replace them. Throw any reusable dishrags in the wash and put disposable ones in a sealed bag. 5. Clean Your Dishes Immediately Dont wait until the end of the day to wash your dishes, especially if they have residue from things like jelly or wine. At the very least, give the dishes a good rinse to remove any food or beverage remnants. When you scrape leftovers into the garbage, be sure to take the trash outside promptly. If you have a dishwasher, rinse food particles from your dishes and run the load as soon as you can. 6. Check Potato and Onion Storage Bins Most people store potatoes, onions, and other root vegetables in a cool, dark bin or cupboard. If fruit flies persist, be sure to check these storage areas for old, rotting produce. Just one old potato is all it takes to keep a fruit fly population going. Dispose of any soft or mushy potatoes or onions, and give the bin a cleaning before putting in fresh ones. 7. Set Vinegar Traps in Problem Areas Sometimes the quickest way to eliminate a population of insect pests is to wipe out the reproductive adults. Fortunately, fruit flies arent all that smart. If something smells remotely like fermenting fruit, theyll dive right in. Place a few cider vinegar traps around problem areas in your home, and you can quickly get rid of large numbers of fruit flies. You can make a vinegar trap in just a few minutes with things you probably already have in your home. 8. Fix Slow Drains and Keep Plumbing Clean Fruit flies arent above living in the muck, and that includes the muck inside your plumbing. If you have any slow-moving drains in your house, there may be enough organic matter hanging out inside your pipes to support a breeding population of fruit flies. Tape some plastic wrap over suspect drains for a few days to check for fruit flies. If you see adults on the underside of the plastic, theyre breeding in your drain. Fix any drainage issues. Pour boiling water down problem drains to help loosen accumulated deposits. If accessible, you can also use a firm brush to scrub the inside of the pipe to free it of debris. 9. Give the Kitchen a Thorough Cleaning Youd be surprised where food bits can accumulate in a kitchen. If you have a particularly stubborn fruit fly infestation, it may take some elbow grease to eliminate all of their food sources. Check the lip of your kitchen sink. There could there be food bits underneath it. Clean the burner drip pans and lift the stovetop, if possible, to remove spilled food, and check under the refrigerator for sticky spots where juice may have spilled. 10. When Canning, Make Sure Jars are Sealed Securely Not everyone is into home canning but if you are, you should know that a fruit fly infestation can sometimes be traced to even one improperly sealed jar of fruit preserves. If you keep a supply of homemade jellies or sauces on hand, take some time to doublecheck that all the seals are closed tightly. As much as a fruitfly would take delight in supping on something youd inadvertently left open, you wouldnt want to dine on anything that came from an improperly sealed jar anyway, right?

Discussion Board 3-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 3-1 - Essay Example This includes cultural issues, past abuses, education background, occupational functioning, religious factor and recent marital stress. Psychological factors form a wider net of client’s mental health; hence, these themes tend to influence the clinicians by their theoretical orientation (Allan Tasman, 2013). These factors include patients; Behaviors pattern is a critical theme that encompasses both positive and negatives changes in behavioral patterns of a client. The clinicians should note the self-destructive behavior like mood lability and anxiety. An interpersonal relationship is another theme, in this grouping the clinicians evaluate the patient’s stableness in maintaining a relationship with peers, workmates and even at the family level. The clinician also explores the sexual relationship and the intimacy of the patient. The relationship with the interviewer is a key theme as the attitude towards the interviewer from the patient is evaluated. This will extrapolates patterns in patient’s life towards other relationships (Allan Tasman, 2013). Biological themes that include the patients both psychological illness and medical illness provide clinicians with an in-depth perspective of the patient. Some of the mental illness may be of genetic in

Week 7 Lab Work LR$W Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 Lab Work LR$W - Research Paper Example The first is stage is the organization stage. It entails preparing to look into the case and delve into the evidence, how to sort and classify it. For the case study, we need to prepare an extended outline (Webley 12). The second and subsequent stage is the research stage. In the research stage, we look into the facts that pertain to the case and classify them accordingly. We identify the issue then research the issues one at a time and familiarize ourselves with the area of law that caters for the case. In this case, we research the events of the night, the basis of allegations and their substantiality. We then consider the legal implications and likely outcomes of any stances we take(Webley 14). This is stage has done in the next paragraph of this paper. The third stage is analysis. In analysis, we make a write-up of the facts arrived at and document a solid conclusion in light of the evidence and facts against the balance of the law (Putman 166) The accused has been in a 10 – year stormy relationship with Elizabeth Steward which has had a history of domestic violence. During a violent electrical storm after a bout of drinking and argument, he dragged her outside and tied her to the lightening pole and told her â€Å"I will fix you. You are gonna fry†. (Putman, 117) The states claim is baseless as Mr. Jones was drunk and angry therefore was not in total control of himself or his actions. He also did not wield the said weapon. Lightening that did not strike was therefore like a weapon he never had. (Putman,

Stolen Generation Essay Example for Free

Stolen Generation Essay The present day Australia is widely known as a beacon of multiculturalism. Every year, more and more immigrants are settling down in the country in a bid to seek better employment, education or even advance their quality of life in general. It is a policy that has strengthened the cultural development of the nation. Australias census in 2011, which is the official count of a population, reported that one in every four Australians is born overseas. This clearly demonstrates Australias vast idea of unity in diversity. Despite the movement of accepting multiculturalism into the nation, Australia is still involved in one of the biggest racial injustices in history by trying to breed out Aboriginal heritage from their land. Starting from the year 1910, the Australian government carries out actions to breed out the Aboriginal bloodline. They hoped to end the Aboriginal culture within a short time and get rid of the Aboriginal problem. In the early 20th century, a new policy started in which about 100,000 children were forcibly removed from their parents by the Australian government. This policy of removing children is infamously referred as the stolen generation, which this essay will be heavily based upon. Due to the vast amount of topics that Australias stolen generation covers, this essay will discuss how the Aborigines settled on Australian soil, the motives behind the stolen generation and attempts of reconciliation from the Australian governing bodies. Having lived in the land thousands of years prior to the arrival of the Europeans, Aborigines are one of the most primeval settlers of the Australian land. However, the arrival of British captain James Cook in 1770 marked the beginning of the end for the native Australians, as he claimed the land to be in possession of his home country, ignoring the fact that the land was already densely populated. All indigenous rights are extinguished ever since as they have no British citizenship rights. Captain James Cook claims that the Aborigines had no laws towards the ownership of the land. Taking social Darwinism into account, this would be one of the major reasons on why the British has taken abrupt control over the Aborigines or why the  stolen generation is occurring. The theory of social Darwinism strongly believes that only the strong will survive. The Europeans saw themselves to be superior towards the Aborigines hence their ruthless move to gain control on the Australian acreage. This case is further validated when the power-hungry Europeans conquered the African continent. Various European countries colonized the African land in mid 1880s, leaving only Liberia and Ethiopia as the remaining independent countries. Former Australian prime minister Paul Keating also acknowledged that European settlers were the ones who were largely responsible for the injustices caused to the Aboriginal people during his speech in 1992. Dubbed as the Redfern speech, it was largely known as one of the most notorious in Australian history. Publicly expressed to a large number of Indigenous Australians, Paul Keating expressed culpability over how Aboriginal people were treated. The people thought that the Aborigines were to have a better life if they were to become more like them, and this policy led to an act of injustice which was referred earlier as the â€Å"stolen generation,† and the children with Aboriginal descendant were separated from their parents and were institutionalized in secluded camps. The mentality of the white society was that it would be the best decision to remove the children from their parent’s influences and abandon their former lifestyle. In almost every state and territory in Australia, the children were forced into labor and received little or no education. The girls did domestic chores such as cleaning along with cooking while the boys mainly worked as stockmen. They worked in unfit working conditions. Their food was unclean and was infested with maggots. Despite working from the early hours for seven days a week, the children were only rewarded with a small amount of money or even worse, they receive nothing at all. The children were physically abused for speaking Aboriginal language and those who were sent to prison for rebellious acts often committed suicide. More children were taken as they were not as resistant compared to the Aboriginal adults. These actions were tremendously exhibited in Phillip Noyces film called The Rabbit Proof Fence which was released in 2002. Receiving numerous accolades, the story follows 3 aboriginal girls- Molly, Daisy and Gracie who escaped from an institution after being forcibly removed from their families to be trained as domestic staffs. They travelled as far as 2,400 kilometers on foot, hoping to return to their home. The movie was adapted from a book of the same name which was written by Doris Pilkington in 1996. Most of these acts finally stopped when many people who were inspired by the Civil Rights movement in the USA, saw the poor conditions that the Aborigines were living in and decided to take acts about the problem. In the year 1967, they met up with the Aborigines and they took steps towards a fairer treatment and attempted to change how the natives were treated in society. The revolution took steps but it worked and settled in well. By 1990, large amount of the land were returned to the Aborigines and they were able to have rights towards an equal citizenship, along with the power to vote. Steps towards reconciliation continue to take place until today, although the past acts have created a lasting, negative feeling towards the locals. The governments have also played an instrumental role in these attempts of reconciliation. This was signaled by former prime minister Kevin Rudds apology in 2008 towards the native Australians for their profound grief, suffering and loss. Thousands of Aboriginal Australians gathered in Canberra to watch the historic event which was also televised around the nation. On February 2009, the Australian government established the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Healing Foundation which is designed to deal with the trauma of the Aboriginal people after the effects of the conducts of the stolen generation. Financial supports have also been generated by the governments. In 2012, they announced that a total of $35 million will be spent to assist healthcare for the native Australians. Another $28 million will also be shelled out to upgrade houses in the remote areas, enabling better accesses to transportation routes, medical centers among other essential services in the  particular areas. A total budget of $206 million has also been green-lighted to support the lives of over 18,000 Aboriginal Australians living in rural areas. The area of education has also been a key improvement towards the Aborigines. In the 2011 Australian census, about 27% of the native Australian population have completed year 12 or its equivalence, compared to 22% in the 2006 census and a mere 20% in the 2001 census. More Aboriginal people are also getting widespread recognition for their achievements in todays society. Widely known as one of the best female tennis players of all time, Evonne Goolagongs efforts has led her to 14 Grand Slam titles. A testament to her talent materialized in 1976 as she was named as the best female tennis player in the world. Numerous Aboriginal Australians have also been noted for their remarkable contributions to Australian politics. People such as Neville Bonner and Aden Ridgeway has been named as the first Indigenous Australians to be named as the senator of Queensland and the senator of New South Wales, respectively. Although there have been numerous reconciliation attempts by the governing bodies, the removal of Aboriginal children is still widespread throughout Australia. As of 2013, almost 14,000 children has been removed. The Australian government, however, has denied any accusations towards the matter. The reason why the Aborigines doesnt find it easy to forgive and forget alone is the reason why I think the Australians should say sorry to the Aborigines. Thus, I conclude that after numerous years of prejudices, I feel that these acts of injustices should be stopped. Numerous apology and reconciliation attempts for the injustices are desperately needed to set an example for the younger generation, to prove that Australia has a proud and forgiving historical legacy, not a cruel and prejudiced country as exhibited beforehand.

I Was Adopted- What Family Is To Me :: personal narrative, adoption

What Family Is To Me   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since birth, I have grown up with a different concept of family than most people do. Instead of being born into my biological family, I was adopted into my given family. I have known I was adopted, for as long as I can remember because my parents made sure to tell me so, at the earliest age that I could understand. By adopting me and my sister into the family, my parents showed that family means love, respect and sacrifice. My adoption gave me a family to belong to and be loved by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love is the first part in any family. I can be defined in more ways than one. Family love is the strongest type because it is unconditional. This unconditional love means that no matter what happens my family will still love me. They have shown this love for twenty years now. And after all the things I have done wrong, or done badly, my family still shows this unconditional love to me and to each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part in a family is respect and trust. Trust is something that can take years to build, but can be broken very easily. By breaking trust with a family member one is also breaking respect of the family. The two ideas go hand in hand. My parents respected me enough to tell me that I was adopted, instead of lying to me and having me find out later in life that I wasn't their biological son. This respect that my parents gave me, in turn gave me their trust. And I gave them the respect and trust that was given to me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without sacrifice, a family cannot be. The sacrifices that family members make for each other show the willingness to be an unselfish part of a family. Sacrifices also display the love, respect and trust in a family. I know that even though some of the time it may not seem that my parents would sacrifice anything for me, I realize that they would do anything for and everything for me and that I would do the same for them.

Introduction to Psychological Testing

Introduction to Psychological Testing Psy 475 October 22, 2012 Introduction to Psychological Testing The history of personality and intelligence testing, dates to the beginning World War II. In psychology, clinicians use psychological tests as a tool to help aid in identifying important information in regard to the behaviors of an individual or a group. There is a major difference between regular testing and testing used for psychological purposes. There are various tests that can be administered to determine specific abilities or identify the characteristics of an individual.This paper will define the term â€Å"test†, describe the major categories of tests, and identify the major uses and users of these tests. Also this paper will also discuss the comparison and contrast the concepts of reliability and validity and explain how they affect psychological testing. Test According to Hogan, a test is a standardized process used to provide information about specific behaviors or c ognitive process through standardized procedures. Psychological tests are a battery of tests that evaluate and measure functions of emotions and behaviors in human beings.The test batteries are composed of interviews, and assessments that focus on specific areas such as learning, memory, attention, and academic capabilities. Tests can be conducted in various ways such as verbal, visual, oral, and written assessments or evaluation. Information gathered from standardized tests are useful and effective because they categorize specific behaviors with scores and provide results, which are reliable and valid. Psychological testing can be performed by licensed professionals; such as clinical psychologists, counseling, and school psychologist.Major categories of tests, Uses and Users Psychological tests provide a platform for providing information and insight, which helps to gain a better understanding of human behaviors. There different types of tests are used to measure various contexts o f specific areas of behavior. According to Chadha, Psychological tests are grouped into several categories, which include personality, mental ability, attitude, achievement, and neuropsychological tests. These test can be administered to an individual alone or to a group of people.According to Hogan intelligence test focuses on various functions of the individual who measures potential and basic ability, such as memory, cognitive functions, thinking skill, and visualization. Two of the most popular intelligence test are the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Achievement and aptitude tests are commonly used in educational or employment settings. Educators and employers use these tests to identify how much an individual knows about a certain topic, such as academic subject or employment position.Educators use achievement tests to identify and compare abilities of students, while employers use these tests to identify talents, interests, and special skills (2008). Accor ding to Hogan, personality tests are commonly used in research and forensic settings to assist with providing a clinical diagnosis by measuring personality styles. Personality test is set up in two, formats. The first consists of yes or no questions and the second questions are true or false.According to Hogan, interests and attitudes are mainly used for high school and college students to identify interests related to job fields. The most common test used to measure and identify vocational interests is the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) or the Kuder Career Search (Hogan, 2007). The last category of testing is the neuropsychological tests. These types of test focus cognitive abilities as related to brain functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory and motor coordination.According to Hogan, uses and users of psychological tests include clinical, educational, personnel, and research settings. Clinical settings such as counseling and psychology use testing to identify the nature or severity of a specific problem or a behavior. The testing results are used to develop treatment plans used to carry out interventions for therapeutic application. According to Hogan, educators use assessment as a tool for assessing levels of student learning and abilities in efforts to help the student improve.Another major user of psychological testing are businesses. Personnel and employment testing according to Hogan, was developed to identify and select the best candidates for employment positions. Employers also use testing to conduct performance and promotion evaluations. The last use of testing involves research. According to Hogan researchers use testing as a viable part of research studies because they are replicable and provide reliable information that useful and valid.Compare and Contrast Reliability and Validity Test reliability and validity are very important concept of testing. These tools used to measure the data that has been collected for the test to determine if t he results are sustainable and effective. According to Hogan reliability is meant to be consistent and dependable. A reliable test provides the same scores continuously for an individual. Test reliability relies on specific criteria to determine the quality and accuracy of psychological measurements (Chadha, 2009).To determine reliability there are five methods that can be used to estimate test scores. These methods identify the proportion of the score, which may include error variances. Although these methods are used to determine reliability and identify errors there various factors, which can affect the results of the reliability of a test. Test validity is an important aspect of test evaluations. The validity of the tests focuses on specific criteria used to ensure that testing concept meets requirements and professional standards of scientific research methods.There are two common methods used to test validity, the first is criterion validity and content validity. According to Chadha, content validity focuses on the selection of items for ability and achievement test; judgments are used to identify the usefulness or application of the test. Criterion validity according to Chadha, focuses on the ability of test score used to observe behaviors or other information gathered from the test. Reliability and validity test the same aspects of a test but in a different manner.Reliability is more focused on the stability of a test score and validity evaluates this information based on specific criteria (Chadha, 2009). Conclusion In conclusion psychological testing is used to provide, identify, and measure characteristics, abilities and the behaviors of an individual or a group. There various types of testing be used in several contexts, which provide valuable information to the test examine. Several fields or professions rely on testing to provide information that can be used for purposes of assessments, treatment, learning, and identifying needs. Reliability and a lidity methods are used to ensure that the information received from testing is effective and properly used for the purpose intended. References Chadha, N. K. (2009). Introduction to psychological testing. In Applied psychometry. (pp. 71-87). New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. doi: 10. 4135/9788132108221. n5 Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. psychological test. (2008). In The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/entry/columency/psychological_test

Social Studies Sba

Acknowledgement The researcher wishes to express her gratitude towards her social studies teacher who was abundantly helpful. The researcher would also like to thank her parents for their kind co-operation and for supporting her financially throughout this assessment. Lastly, the researcher would like to thank the almighty god, without whom nothing is possible. Introduction This assessment is based on child labour.Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many and legislations across the world prohibit child labour. Statement of Problem What are the effects of child labour in Cumberland village, East Canje Berbice? Reasons for Selecting Area of ResearchThe reasons for selecting this area of research is because the prevalence of child labour among s chools in the researcher’s village is high; the researcher would also like to study the factors related to child labour, like the reasons for children working, problems faced by the children, work place conditions, etc. Method of Investigation The method of investigation used for this project was in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used because of the following reasons: * It is cheaper It does not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys * It has standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. Instrument Used to Collect Data Questionnaire 135 New Street Cumberland East Canje, Berbice. 21st September, 2012. Dear Sir/Madam, The researcher is a fifth form student of New Amsterdam Secondary School. The researcher is pursuing a course of subject in the Caribbean Examination Council (CXC), Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) in Social Studies, which the researcher would be writing in 2013.The researcher is re quired to conduct a research on a school based assessment (SBA) based on the topic child labour. The researcher is hereby seeking your assistance. To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate box. Thank you for your co-operation. Yours Truly, Fifth Form Student of N. A. S. S Nafesia Hack. Caribbean Examination Council Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate School Based Assessment Social Studies 2013 Topic: Child Labour Instruction: To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate boxes. 1. What is your sex? Male ? Female ? 2.What is your age? 16-20 ? 21-30 ? 31-40 ? 3. What is your ethnicity? African ? East Indian ? Mixed ? 4. What is your religion? Christian ? Hindu ? Muslim ? 5. How much have you heard about child labour? A lot ? A little bit ? Not Much ? 6. What comes to your mind when ‘child labour’ is mentioned? Children being forced to work ? Children working in terrible environments ? Chi ldren working to earn a living due to poverty ? 7. What do you think creates awareness about child labour most effectively? Internet ?Newspapers ? Television ? 8. Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour? Male ? Female ? Both ? 9. Do you think child labour is serious in this community? No ? Yes ? 10. What do you think is the reason for child labour? Education ? Political Systems ? Poverty ? 11. What kind of industry mostly appears in your village? Agriculture ? Household ? Textile ? 12. Do you think a child below the age of sixteen going to work is right? It’s up to them ?They should not cut down on their childhood ? It’s a horrible concept ? 13. Do you think that enough is being done to reduce child labour? No ? Yes ? 14. Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Schools ? Government ? Business Organizations ? 15. Do you see the problem of child labour being eradicated in the long run? No ? Yes ? Procedures Used to Collect Data To gather data for this assessment the researcher constructed a questionnaire which consisted of fifteen questions.In Cumberland village, there is an average of two hundred (200) households. It was calculated that a sample of 10% was necessary in order to ensure accurate information on the causes, consequences and measures to reduce child labour in the village (10%/200=20). The household was selected by random selection. Twenty (20) questionnaires will be distributed to those homes. It was expected that at least fifteen (15) of these questionnaires will be returned. A total of twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed to the residents of the selected homes, fifteen (15) was returned while the other five (5) wasn’t returned.The questionnaires were delivered on 6th October, 2012 and received on 12th October, 2012. Of these respondents, sixty percent (60%) were females and forty percent (40%) were males. Presentation & Explanation of Data Source: Question 5 – How much have you heard about child labour? Figure 1 – This bar chart represents that 50% of the respondents have heard a lot about child labour, 30% of the respondents have heard a little bit about child labour while the other 20% of the respondents haven’t heard much about child labour. Source: Question 2 – Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour?Figure 2 – This cylinder chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour while the other 30% of the respondents are of the view that females are more affected by child labour. Source: Question 10 – What do you think is the reason for child labour? Figure 3 – This pyramid chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is poverty, 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is education while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour are the political systems.Source: Question 14 – Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Figure 4 – This pie chart represents that 40% of the respondents are of the view that schools can help to reduce child labour, also 40% of the respondents are of the view that governments can help to reduce child labour while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that business organizations can help to reduce child labour. Analysis & Interpretation of Data Twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed randomly to both male and female, ages 16-40.The majority of respondents agreed that child labour is dangerous and harmful. The research reveals that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. Throughout the village, many children work, full-time whether it’s male or female. They do not go to school and have little or no time to play; they are also denied the chance to be children. More than 50% of them are exposed to the worst forms of child labour such as work in hazardous environments, slavery or other forms of forced labour.It was also noted that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the main reason for child labour is poverty, since income from a child’s work is usually crucial for his or her own survival, or for that of the household. Immature and inexperience child labourers may be completely unaware of the short-term risks involved in their work, long-term health problems are common in communities where children are forced to work with dangerous chemicals.Last but not least, 40% of the respondents are of the view that primary school education which is free, accessible and compulsory does more than any other single factor to reduce exploitative child labour. Reducing the costs of education and ensuring that the quality standards are high will be a monumental step towards eradicating the problem of child labour in the long run. Child labour does more than deprive children of th eir education, mental and physical development – their childhood is stolen. Findings The researcher found that: 60% of respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. * 60% of the respondents are of the view that poverty is the greatest cause behind child labour. * 20% of the respondents are of the view that the lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education is another major cause driving children to harmful labour. * 80% of the respondents are of the view that the major consequence of child labour is that children face many physical dangers and death from forced labour. 80% of the respondents are of the view that the government and schools can help to reduce child labour. Recommendations & Implementation Strategies Recommendations * Primary Education – should be compulsory and free. * Education and Training for Women – Studies show when women are educated, trained and empowered, child labour drops. * Social Services – should help children and families survive in crises, such as loss of home and shelter. Give jobs to children’s adult relatives – This way, the family won’t suffer and this should indeed be helpful. * The government should ban the worst forms of child labour such as bonded labour, etc. Implementation Strategies * Assisting with developing and implementing national policies on child labour problems. * Creating awareness on the problem nationwide, in communities and workplaces. * Strengthening existing organizations and motivating a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and act against child labour. Bibliography Social Studies Sba School Based Assessment Subject: Social Studies School: Willowdene High School Candidate #: Centre: Territory: Teacher: Mrs. Mitchelle Year: 2012 Title: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgements (1) Introduction (2) Statement of the problem (3) Research question * What are the causes of teenage pregnancy? (3) * How does the problem impact the lives of the teenagers? 4) * What can be done to correct this problem? (5) Reason for selecting area (6) Method of Investigation (6) Instrument used to collect Data (7-11) Procedures used to collect Data (12) Presentations and Explanation of Data Interpretation of Data Findings Recommendations ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Greater Portmore is a large community in the parish of St. Catherine, which is located in the county of middle sex, Jamaica. One of the sectors of Greater Portmore called Sabina Park is where I interviewed some of the teenage others living in the area. For the past sixteen years I have been a resident of Sabina Park. During my t ime here I have discovered that a number of teenage girls who were suppose to be at a secondary level are not attending school and this disturbs me a lot. I have notice the lack of father figures in most of the teenage mother’s houses in my community, this is so because the fathers refuse to take responsibilities for their children which resulted into single mothering where the child has to grow without his/her father.I have also observed a standard of low living where teenage mothers were not able to go back to school because of the post-natal care of their children and how their pregnancy affected them educationally. This caused them to be unemployed and nondependent. I have therefore decided to perform a survey to examine the cause, effect and solution of teenage pregnancy in Sabina Park, Greater Portmore. Task 1 Statement of the problem How does teenage pregnancy contribute problems to themselves and there babies?Research questions 1. What are the causes of teenage pregn ancy? (cause) Obviously the cause for pregnancy is no use or the misuse of protection. Children under the age of 18 should abstain. So why do teenagers have sex? Why don’t they use protection? Most pregnant teenagers were pressured into having sex. They were so young and naive they thought, and even believed, that they loved so much that they couldn’t say no to the male and would do anything to please him. Boys would tell the girls what they wanted to hear. They would use flattery and vain promises to lure her.If a guy is handsome, looks neat, have a lot of cash and even say the words, â€Å"I love you† on the first date, would drive some girls crazy turning a million â€Å"no’s† into one yes! Most times this would disillusion them from seeing that they were being used. When the males are forcing a girl to do something they do not do it aggressively, they take the time to study her, find out her weakness, and aim. In a number of cases, they did not intend to get the girl pregnant. They just wanted to urgently get what they came for in the relationship. Hence, the non –use or misuse of protection.Some girls are otherwise forced into early sexual activities, resulting in teenage pregnancies, either by choice or by â€Å"design†. Some, due to inadequacy of basic financing, either choose to or are forced by parents to do so. 2. How does the problem impact the lives of the teenagers? (effect) Due to the fact that teenage pregnancy occurred at the Secondary Education stage of life, their lives are affected in numerous ways. Teenage mothers are more likely to become depressed than adult mothers because they have to be worrying about financial needs, limitations, commitments, overall the period of post-natal care.Teen pregnancy can result in a young girl’s education being put on hold indefinitely. Teenage mothers often drop out of school before they had an opportunity to develop meaningful life skills, a higher l evel of education and achieving goals. Teenage pregnancy creates a financial burden for the teenagers because they are too young to obtain a job making an adequate salary to support a family especially because they aren’t experienced and they are under educated. However, because of this they do depend on their parents for financial support.Teenagers do not want to be taking care of a family at such an early age; they do not want to be lack of restrictions they don’t want any responsibilities because they love their freedoms. Most teenage got to go out and enjoy their selves on the weekends; they can’t just sit around and take care of a child when they want to go to parties, movies and even school. They aren’t yet ready to be in a committed long-relationship; therefore they are more single teenage parents in the society. This now leaves one party with the obligation of raising the child on their own.However, as I said before, the parents will be maintainin g their child and grandchild financially. Taking care of a child is a lot of responsibility for one human being, causing less freedom. Teenage mothers often experience social exclusion; they are not able to carry out their usual daily activities, as well as the relationship between both their parents and peers being more distant. Since they are now mothers they have to be spending a lot of time with their babies so they aren’t able to go out with friends but only to do shopping for their child.However, some of the teenagers even though they are mothers still do their normal activities because they are not yet matured or responsible to take care of their child so they would leave them on guardians or friends. 3. What can be done to correct this problem? (Solutions) This issue of teenage pregnancy has been around for a very long time, but is not an acceptable occurrence in most, if not all societies. Because of that, several studies have been done and attempts made to correct, or at least to significantly reduce the problem.Most teenagers are led to sexual activities because of various reasons such as lack of communication with parents, not enough sex education in schools, peer pressure and a lack of responsibility to use protection. An Interaction with a parent plays a big part in a child’s life growing up. Each Parent should have a bond between them and their child where they can have a discussion about the preparation for the outside world including sexual relations. Sex education should also be taught in the homes as much as the other subjects in school.This will make the child more comfortable to know that they can talk to their parents, they are being listened to while being taught at the same time and understanding more about sex education. Teenage pregnancy can be prevented by more availability of sexual education among students in institutions in our society; therefore giving the children more information about the risk of getting pregnant at an early age so that they would at least take it into consideration. Not every child is aware of sex education so most likely it will change someone lives, one more child will have the opportunity to enter the world of work and even if it is one erson who gets the message it will make a difference in their lives and our society. Teenagers are most likely to be pressured by their peers because they are afraid that if they don’t go along with the most popular actions they wouldn’t be classified as a norm. If teenagers would have a mind of their own, stop following bad company and have a higher self esteem they will not be in a situation where they have to be taking care of a child at an early age. Teens should be thinking more wisely as they mature day by day; therefore they would be conscious of where they are heading and block out obstacles in there way like teenage pregnancy.Lack of Protection is the cause of pregnancy but for teenage pregnancy it should not be so . Teenagers should not be having sex so early because their body isn’t fully matured and so they are not ready physically or mentally. The age of consent, strangely is now sixteen (16) so teenagers sixteen and over should become more responsible to use protection because they are now matured enough to know the dangers of life. However, I still do consider that the best way to prevent teenage pregnancy is to abstain because it makes sense. It will make the future better. Task 2Reason for selecting area of research This area of research was selected because of seeing people all around who have been through this situation. It is very disturbing to see women suffering and struggling mentally, physically and educationally because of teenage pregnancy. This is also a recommendation to resolve the problem of teenage pregnancy, making a difference in the society. Task 3 Method of investigation I used an interview to collect the data for my research The method used for investigation h as a number of advantages: * It goes into further details than the questionnaire making the interviewer nderstand their research much better. * It is also useful to obtain detailed information about personal feelings, perceptions and opinions. * Respondents could be lack of reading skills so an interview would be more valuable than a questionnaire. Task 4 Instrument used to collect data Teenage pregnancy Interview Age you got pregnant: 13-15 16-19 Are you a single parent? Were you forced in to having sex, resulting in pregnancy? What was your reaction when you found out you were pregnant? Did you grow up in an environment/home where teenage pregnancy occurred before?If so, how did you relate to it? Were you and your partner thinking about having a family after finding out your pregnancy? Why Did you think of having an abortion? Why Were you afraid of how people would react to your pregnancy? Were you familiar with sex education? Was your baby healthy after birth? Did you contract an y STD’s? If yes, did it affect your child in any way? Did it affect you knowing that you had to be taking care of a child at an early age? What were your parents/guardians reaction when they found out you were pregnant? Did you get any support with the baby from your family?What was your partner’s reaction when he found out that you were pregnant? Were your parents/guardians aware that you were seeing your partner? Did he take any form of responsibility for his child after birth? What were your decisions to proceed in life after your pregnancy? Did you drop out of school as a result of your pregnancy? Have you been able to continue any educational studies? If yes, how long after your pregnancy What main factor do you think would have helped you to avoid getting pregnant so young? Task 5 Procedures used to collect DataSabina Park has approximately 130 houses. It was calculated that a sample of 10% was necessary in order to ensure correct termination of teenage pregnancy . (10% of 130=13) A total of 15 interviews were prepared for selected teenage mothers in the community. Therefore, I went around the neighborhood in searching of citizens who were available. There were a number of mothers who were not in attendance which resulted in the sum of 10 persons included in the discussion. Task 6 Presentation and examination of Data A total of 10 teenage mothers were interviewed succesfully.Of theses respondents, all were females in which 90% got pregnant at the age 16 and 10% got pregnant at age 19. Fig. 1: Pie chart showing the current status of selected teenage mothers Most of the residents (80%) are single mothers because their partners denied to accept the child as their own, refused to take responsibility and also refused to be a part of the child’s family. 20% of teenage mothers are not single because one of the fathers were at a matured age and decided to be a part of their child’s life and the other mother is now married.Fig 2: Pie-ch art showing the period of time it took the mothers to return to school to further their education. According to the chart, 30% of women went back school couple months after their pregnancy. Most of the citizens (40%) took 1 year to go back to school in which 10% of the 40% went back to secondary level and the rest (30%) went on to a territory level. 10% went back to school very late(over 10 years) because of financial problems at the time. However, 20% did not return to further their education because they could not afford financially which led to unemployment. Fig 3.Bar showing the main factors teenage mothers thought would have avoided their pregnancy The factor that got the most percentage was more interaction with parents. 50% of teenage mothers did not have a good relationship with their parents causing them to search for love and neediness somewhere else; they got involved in sexual activities which led to pregnancy. The factor that got the least percentage (10%) was better re sponsibility to have used protection. This was selected because the mother was matured enough to have sex, was not pressured so she should have been more responsible. 0% of mothers would have avoided teenage pregnancy if it was not for peer pressure. Fig 4. Showing if the mothers believed in abortion In figure 4 50% of mothers do not believe in abortion because they could not live with their self with the fact that they killed something which was growing inside of them. Also 50% do believe in abortion because they had financial problems, because of the reaction of their parents they felt ashamed and also they thought that having the baby would have been a very risky thing to do. However, they kept the child. Task 7 Analysis and interpretation of data Task 9 Social Studies Sba Acknowledgement The researcher wishes to express her gratitude towards her social studies teacher who was abundantly helpful. The researcher would also like to thank her parents for their kind co-operation and for supporting her financially throughout this assessment. Lastly, the researcher would like to thank the almighty god, without whom nothing is possible. Introduction This assessment is based on child labour.Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many and legislations across the world prohibit child labour. Statement of Problem What are the effects of child labour in Cumberland village, East Canje Berbice? Reasons for Selecting Area of ResearchThe reasons for selecting this area of research is because the prevalence of child labour among s chools in the researcher’s village is high; the researcher would also like to study the factors related to child labour, like the reasons for children working, problems faced by the children, work place conditions, etc. Method of Investigation The method of investigation used for this project was in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used because of the following reasons: * It is cheaper It does not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys * It has standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. Instrument Used to Collect Data Questionnaire 135 New Street Cumberland East Canje, Berbice. 21st September, 2012. Dear Sir/Madam, The researcher is a fifth form student of New Amsterdam Secondary School. The researcher is pursuing a course of subject in the Caribbean Examination Council (CXC), Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) in Social Studies, which the researcher would be writing in 2013.The researcher is re quired to conduct a research on a school based assessment (SBA) based on the topic child labour. The researcher is hereby seeking your assistance. To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate box. Thank you for your co-operation. Yours Truly, Fifth Form Student of N. A. S. S Nafesia Hack. Caribbean Examination Council Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate School Based Assessment Social Studies 2013 Topic: Child Labour Instruction: To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate boxes. 1. What is your sex? Male ? Female ? 2.What is your age? 16-20 ? 21-30 ? 31-40 ? 3. What is your ethnicity? African ? East Indian ? Mixed ? 4. What is your religion? Christian ? Hindu ? Muslim ? 5. How much have you heard about child labour? A lot ? A little bit ? Not Much ? 6. What comes to your mind when ‘child labour’ is mentioned? Children being forced to work ? Children working in terrible environments ? Chi ldren working to earn a living due to poverty ? 7. What do you think creates awareness about child labour most effectively? Internet ?Newspapers ? Television ? 8. Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour? Male ? Female ? Both ? 9. Do you think child labour is serious in this community? No ? Yes ? 10. What do you think is the reason for child labour? Education ? Political Systems ? Poverty ? 11. What kind of industry mostly appears in your village? Agriculture ? Household ? Textile ? 12. Do you think a child below the age of sixteen going to work is right? It’s up to them ?They should not cut down on their childhood ? It’s a horrible concept ? 13. Do you think that enough is being done to reduce child labour? No ? Yes ? 14. Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Schools ? Government ? Business Organizations ? 15. Do you see the problem of child labour being eradicated in the long run? No ? Yes ? Procedures Used to Collect Data To gather data for this assessment the researcher constructed a questionnaire which consisted of fifteen questions.In Cumberland village, there is an average of two hundred (200) households. It was calculated that a sample of 10% was necessary in order to ensure accurate information on the causes, consequences and measures to reduce child labour in the village (10%/200=20). The household was selected by random selection. Twenty (20) questionnaires will be distributed to those homes. It was expected that at least fifteen (15) of these questionnaires will be returned. A total of twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed to the residents of the selected homes, fifteen (15) was returned while the other five (5) wasn’t returned.The questionnaires were delivered on 6th October, 2012 and received on 12th October, 2012. Of these respondents, sixty percent (60%) were females and forty percent (40%) were males. Presentation & Explanation of Data Source: Question 5 – How much have you heard about child labour? Figure 1 – This bar chart represents that 50% of the respondents have heard a lot about child labour, 30% of the respondents have heard a little bit about child labour while the other 20% of the respondents haven’t heard much about child labour. Source: Question 2 – Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour?Figure 2 – This cylinder chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour while the other 30% of the respondents are of the view that females are more affected by child labour. Source: Question 10 – What do you think is the reason for child labour? Figure 3 – This pyramid chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is poverty, 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is education while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour are the political systems.Source: Question 14 – Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Figure 4 – This pie chart represents that 40% of the respondents are of the view that schools can help to reduce child labour, also 40% of the respondents are of the view that governments can help to reduce child labour while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that business organizations can help to reduce child labour. Analysis & Interpretation of Data Twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed randomly to both male and female, ages 16-40.The majority of respondents agreed that child labour is dangerous and harmful. The research reveals that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. Throughout the village, many children work, full-time whether it’s male or female. They do not go to school and have little or no time to play; they are also denied the chance to be children. More than 50% of them are exposed to the worst forms of child labour such as work in hazardous environments, slavery or other forms of forced labour.It was also noted that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the main reason for child labour is poverty, since income from a child’s work is usually crucial for his or her own survival, or for that of the household. Immature and inexperience child labourers may be completely unaware of the short-term risks involved in their work, long-term health problems are common in communities where children are forced to work with dangerous chemicals.Last but not least, 40% of the respondents are of the view that primary school education which is free, accessible and compulsory does more than any other single factor to reduce exploitative child labour. Reducing the costs of education and ensuring that the quality standards are high will be a monumental step towards eradicating the problem of child labour in the long run. Child labour does more than deprive children of th eir education, mental and physical development – their childhood is stolen. Findings The researcher found that: 60% of respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. * 60% of the respondents are of the view that poverty is the greatest cause behind child labour. * 20% of the respondents are of the view that the lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education is another major cause driving children to harmful labour. * 80% of the respondents are of the view that the major consequence of child labour is that children face many physical dangers and death from forced labour. 80% of the respondents are of the view that the government and schools can help to reduce child labour. Recommendations & Implementation Strategies Recommendations * Primary Education – should be compulsory and free. * Education and Training for Women – Studies show when women are educated, trained and empowered, child labour drops. * Social Services – should help children and families survive in crises, such as loss of home and shelter. Give jobs to children’s adult relatives – This way, the family won’t suffer and this should indeed be helpful. * The government should ban the worst forms of child labour such as bonded labour, etc. Implementation Strategies * Assisting with developing and implementing national policies on child labour problems. * Creating awareness on the problem nationwide, in communities and workplaces. * Strengthening existing organizations and motivating a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and act against child labour. Bibliography

Comparative Education Training Module

Comparative Education Training Module Comparative Education and Training ModuleIn order to carry out this module the Cert Ed course visited the Czech Republic, a fascinating country, small by our standards with a population of approximately 10 million people. What became apparent from the outset was the proud nature of the citizens and the obvious national fervour, which is normally lacking in Britain. During the visit we were given a varied exposure to the Czech educational system, from primary schooling through to adult education, this included both university and college vocational training.During this assignment I will give a brief overview of the recent history of the Czech Republic and hopefully link this to the changes to the educational system. I will then endeavour to compare their educational system, paying particular attention to the vocational training side, with our recent developments within the military's educational system, which of course is rooted in vocational training.American Education is in the Dump sterA brief history:Czechoslovakia came into existence as an independent republic in 1918 after the break up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of the First World War. Besides the Czech and Slovak peoples the country included substantial numbers of Germans. Despite welding together of such a mixed bag of people, Czechoslovakia made considerable political and economic progress until the troubled 1930s. It was the only East European State to retain a parliamentary democracy throughout the interwar period.With the rise to power of the Nazis leader Hitler in Germany brought a revival of opposition among the German speaking populace. This in turn led to the Munich Agreement and the Sudetenland firstly be given to Germany and then six-month later the occupation of the whole of Czechoslovakia. After the war election were held with the Left gaining a slight majority until the Communists seized power in 1948 and...

The Ultimate Guide to Business Casual for Women

The Ultimate Guide to Business Casual for Women SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What does a "business casual" dress code even mean for women? Why is it so poorly defined yet so strictly enforced in certain offices? This article will unravel how to dress business casual for women so you can easily select appropriate outfits for the workplace that also suit your personal style. Introduction â€Å"Business casual† is a fairly straightforward dress code for men. You can wear khakis or some other non-jean pant, a button-down shirt, and maybe a sport coat. Pair it with loafers or a similar dress shoe, and you’re done. Business casual for women is a another story. While some women also reach for button-downs and khakis, for many (myself included), button-downs rarely fit well off the rack, and khakis don’t look as nice as darker slacks or a skirt. To fit the business casual dress code for women, you need an outfit that’s not a boring suit or something super fashion-forward and distracting. Since women’s fashion has so many more cuts, styles, and colors than men’s, the average woman has to sift through a daunting number of choices when shopping. Plus, women are scrutinized much more closely for their fashion choices. This has lead to confusion over what women’s business casual fashion is and how to achieve it. This article breaks down what business casual means, gives concrete outfit suggestions, and lists places to shop at a range of price points. Who Is This Guide For? What Is It Designed to Do? This guide is designed to help women put together BC outfits for a new job where they're not yet familiar with the company or its dress code beyond the fact that they're expected to dress â€Å"business casual.† The goal is to make your shopping trips more efficient and productive and help you pick out a few no-fail outfits that are undeniably business casual and professional. We’re also mainly operating in the context of industries that are likely to require a stricter dress code- business, teaching, finance, law. If you’re in a more creative field or a tech environment where you’re not public facing, business casual is likely to lean more toward â€Å"casual.† The outfits in this article may be a touch too formal for your situation. The idea is these outfits will hopefully be formal enough for any workplace (they won’t be too far on the casual side of business casual), and once you get settled in you can grow your wardrobe based on your company’s/workplace’s take on business casual. It’s safer to look slightly too formal than too casual, especially during your first week of work. Also, keep in mind there are cultural differences. Between the US and Japan, for example, the expectations are different. Women can get away with more playful and short dresses and skirts in Japan, but tops in general have to be much more conservative. Just within the US, San Francisco offices tend to be much less formal than NY ones. Because of that, we've chosen to lean towards relatively conservative choices, but we’ll show a range of styles so you can adapt your outfits to your particular location. Re: Dress Codes and Sexism Another point that needs to be addressed before I get into the guide is the fact that women’s dress codes are often unfair and even sexist. There has thankfully been a lot of discussion and activism on this point recently when it comes to school dress codes. However, there hasn’t been as much discussion about this in the workplace, and many guides online to women’s business casual range from condescending at best (don’t dress like you’re hitting the club!) to sexist at worst (weird preoccupation with necklines, lingerie, and pantyhose). I don’t want this to be one of those guides that lists the obvious in a very demeaning way. At the same time, the outfits we have chosen err on the more conservative side of things in the hopes they will work for a variety of workplaces during the first week, whether you’re in a very traditional office or a more casual one. I think it’s unfair that in many cases women have to spend much more time agonizing over wardrobe choices, and I’m hoping this guide takes some of that pressure off. Once you get to know your workplace, you can start wearing things closer to your own style that are still professional and fall under the business casual umbrella. Who I Am You might be thinking, â€Å"who is this person, and what makes her an expert on the business casual dress code, or workplaces in general?† Well, let’s clarify this right away: I’m NOT an expert. I’m a recent college graduate who has worked or interned in a handful of industries (commercial real estate, banking, education, public relations) both during and after college, primarily in Massachusetts. As a visual artist myself, I enjoy and appreciate fashion, but I fall more on the grunge/overly quirky side of things in my daily life. Business casual dress codes are always difficult for me because I feel like I’m spending money on clothes that are no fun. (I can’t wear crop tops fashioned from oversized thrift store t-shirts? I QUIT.) I've struggled with putting together outfits that adhered to each workplace’s rules, were professional, and fit my budget. This guide started out as my own personal quest to see if I could research a no-fail business-casual outfit that didn’t bore me to tears. I was frustrated at the dearth of helpful resources and realized that if I wanted such a guide, I would have to write one myself. Hopefully this guide will be helpful to anyone trying to put together a business casual wardrobe, but I don't intend for any of this to be definitive, end-all be-all advice. Evidence of me rejecting business casual fashion for weirder fare. (Sam Lindsay/All rights reserved) Who I Am Not Now that you know who I am, let me give you a bit of a disclaimer about who I'm not. #1: A professional stylist/fashion blogger- I did have a short-lived fashion blog in college, but it fizzled out when I got busy with other things. I like to think that I have good fashion sense, but I’m by no means an official â€Å"expert†. This guide is designed to be more utilitarian than anything else! #2: Someone with extensive experience in a single industry- I’m not someone who could talk in detail about how business casual applies to a range of law firms, for example, or the difference between working for a start-up or a job at Apple. #3: Your parents/your boss/your teacher/your counselor- Essentially, I obviously don’t have any authority over you! Which means you should take this advice as advice you are getting from a friend. Take the stuff that is helpful to you, leave or ignore the stuff you think is bullshit. Everyone's situation is going to be a little bit different. What Is Business Casual? Before we get into the good stuff, it’s important to understand what business casual is and how it affects dress codes and expectations at work. Business casual started in the 1990s as an outgrowth of â€Å"casual Fridays,† which was adopted in previous decades as a free perk companies could offer to employees to make their offices seem less soul-sucking. The grown of business casual dress codes in white-collar office jobs was spurred on by a combination of the success of Silicon Valley companies and their casually dressed executives, clever marketing by the Dockers brand, and a push toward more comfortable clothing in general during the late twentieth century. From the beginning of business casual, it was always clearly defined for men: replace your suit and tie with khakis or jeans, a button down, and loafers. Maybe add a sweater. You’re done! But for women (for whom workplace dressing has always been tricky!), a business casual dress code was never clearly articulated. It doesn’t help that these days, each workplace has its own spin on business casual. Business casual lies at the intersection between professional and functional. Companies switched to â€Å"business casual† instead of â€Å"casual† for a reason. They want everyone to look professional without requiring a full suit-and-tie combo every day. â€Å"Business casual† doesn’t mean â€Å"we don’t care what you look like.† It means â€Å"we want you to look professional, but we get that dry-cleaning is expensive and wearing suits all the time is annoying.† So how can you put together outfits that straddle the not-formal-but-not-casual line? Especially given that each office is so different? And that expectations for how women dress are already so complex? I think this jacket is probably fine for business casual...or is it just regular casual? Why must I use space in my brain for this 5 Business Casual Rules to Live By Before we offer up some concrete outfit suggestions, here are five rules to keep in mind as you think about your business casual outfits. #1: Business Casual 101- No Stains, Rips, or Wrinkles These mostly go without saying, but avoid anything that looks old, dirty, wrinkled, or stained. Don’t wear sheer or revealing clothing or clothes with obvious logos. Many â€Å"guides to business casual dressing† online stop here, which is unfortunate, because I figure this rule is fairly obvious. One tip- if you have an item of clothing, like a pair of slacks from your high school debate days or a sundress in muted colors, that you think could pass as professional but you’re not sure if it looks too worn, ask a friend or family member for their honest opinion. Getting a pair of fresh eyes can help you spot a stain, wrinkle, or discolored spot that you didn’t notice yourself. #2: Work From the Outside In Make sure you have a professional coat/jacket if you’re wearing one, a bag, and a versatile pair of shoes before you put together your base outfits. Why is this necessary? Imagine this scenario. Your new job starts Monday. You need some business casual pieces, so you go shopping Sunday and manage to find a neat pencil skirt, a blouse you don’t hate, and a tasteful pair of stud earrings. You buy them, and Monday morning you get dressed. You feel comfortable, and you look professional without appearing too stiff or formal. Mission accomplished, right? Until you look outside. It’s freezing, so you pull on a pair of tights and grab your weathered down parka that has survived four years of college. You look around for shoes, and correctly veto your sneakers, TOMs, and going-out heels. That leaves a pair of scuffed black ballet flats. Whatever, no one will be looking at your feet, right? And last, you pick up your trusty Fjallraven backpack before heading out the door. You know you’re working in a cubicle, so you figure you can stash it there as soon as you get into the office. Post-commute, you enter your new office, excited to meet your new coworkers. Their first impression? A college kid in a casual coat and worn shoes, still sporting a backpack. True, once you ditch the coat and backpack, they’ll see your professional new outfit, but that doesn’t erase the fact that their first introduction to you was decidedly more casual than you would have wanted. (And you know what they say about second chances and first impressions.) Instead, what if you spent the money you used for the blouse, skirt, and earrings on a new pair of flats, a smart wool overcoat, and a professional briefcase or purse? Even if underneath you had a slightly more casual sweater and slacks combination, your first impression would be much more impactful and professional. Plus, you will be able to use those accessories for multiple work days, getting way more bang for your buck than a single blouse-and-skirt combo could ever provide. What’s the lesson here? Make sure your coat, bag, and shoes- the first and last thing that your coworkers will see you wearing each day, as well as the pieces that you will recycle each day- are professional and career-oriented. Not only will these pieces elevate all your other work outfits, they will ensure that the very first impression you make is a strong one. Here are some suggestions and guidelines for the types of coats, shoes, and bags you should be on the lookout for in your shopping: Coats Appropriate styles for coats include trenches, wool cuts with shape. You should also steer yourself towards neutral colors and longer lengths. A solid neutral colored coat can work with any outfit you put under it. Flickr/Joseph Kranak Shoes It's worth spending a bit more money on shoes. Go for high quality natural materials like leather and suede, simple styles, and comfort in movement. In general, you should avoid open-toe shoes, though if you live in a warmer climate they are more often accepted. Ballet flats, pumps, and classy boots are all good options. Flickr/ Spera Bags It’s time to retire your Jansport! In business casual for women, choose a bag with a more structured shape (like a laptop bag, satchel, or leather tote) rather than a bucket bag or a fabric tote. Again, a neutral color like black, navy, or beige is better than something really eye-catching since you want the bag to blend in and convey maturity. Your bag should be big enough to comfortably carry your laptop/tablet and whatever else you need to bring into the workplace. A clutch or small purse won't cut it! Flickr/ateodolinda #3: The 50% Rule Each outfit you wear should be half business formal. Remember that business formal is essentially a suit (matched pants/skirt and suit jacket) with a crisp shirt or blouse and professional shoes. The easiest application of this is rule is to pair formal bottoms (slacks or a pencil/straight skirt), with a more casual blouse. (We'll talk about slacks in detail in the outfit section. I don't shy away from controversial topics.) Another easy adaptation is adding a blazer over a dress. You can also try a formal, structured top (a blazer and/or a button down) with khakis or maybe jeans (though it depends on the style and your workplace, as we will discuss later). The 50% rule ensures that your outfit has at least one obviously formal piece, but it gives you the freedom to make the other half of the ensemble slightly more casual and fun. #4: Don’t Dress Like Someone Else If you’re uncomfortable with your outfit, it will show. Pick an outfit template that most closely fits your personal style. I tend towards a more bohemian and quirky aesthetic in my casual dress, which I try to translate into business casual outfits that incorporate interesting patterns in tasteful ways. I like wearing skirts and dresses as business casual options because I think the options for pants are all kind of dull. But if you’re a person who is most comfortable wearing just jeans and a t-shirt on any given day, then you shouldn’t feel compelled to wear a dress or skirt. Although your business casual outfits will never feel as comfortable as a casual outfit or loungewear, you should like the way you look and feel in them. The longer you work somewhere, the more you’ll come to understand that workplace’s specific definition of business casual and incorporate more of your personal style. This guide will get you through the first few weeks when you’re still navigating the new office! Dressing exactly the same as someone else is only acceptable if you're both adorable twin babies. #5: Know Your Colors If you’re buying a new set of clothes, make sure you can mix and match all of them. This gives you the most utility for your money and can be a lifesaver if half of your clothes are in the laundry. For example, if you buy one pair of slacks, one skirt, and three blouses, you should be able to pair each blouse with each bottom. Also, build your wardrobe on your formal pieces, not your casual pieces. Buy blouses that match the bottoms, not the other way around, or a dress that matches your blazer. Finally, choose a color palette that suits you. Your most readily available options for work slacks, skirts, and blazers will be neutral shades like black, navy, olive, grey, and khaki. These will be the easiest shades to use for creating a foundation for the rest of your business casual wardrobe. In my opinion, black is the most versatile (and almost always looks chic), but if you strongly prefer any of the other shades, you can choose to use one of them as a base instead. Flickr/Maria Morri No-Fail Business Casual Outfits The goal of this section is to give you three basic, customizable outfits. You can choose your favorite(s) and then look for clothes you have or buy pieces to build the perfect business casual outfit for your first few days of work! Also, remember that our goal here isn’t necessarily for you to look super fashionable. You want to wear clothes that are universally read as professional and put-together but don’t stand out too much. That way if your outfit skews slightly too formal or too casual, you won’t draw undue attention to yourself. Outfit 1: Pants / Blouse In an ideal world, this would be an incredibly easy outfit to put together, since it’s literally just pants and a top. But the devil is in the details! Pants For the pants, think slacks, in a material like wool crepe or a polyester blend that resembles it. You can go for either ankle or full-length. Look for skinnies, straight leg, or a slight flare. Avoid capris, culottes, super wide flares, low-rise super tight skinnies, and leggings. For the first week, avoid jeans, but if you see your coworkers wearing them, you are of course free to adopt them. Stick to darker washes, and avoid looks that are faded, damaged, and distressed. Also avoid jeans with contrast-color stitching (like American Eagle and Levis), since they look more casual. Blouse What about the blouse? You have two types to choose from: #1: Button Downs: Button downs can be a great choice because they’re universally perceived as â€Å"businessy† tops. However, they do have a downside in that for many women, it can be hard to find a button down that doesn’t have some sort of fit issue. Especially if you have a larger chest, button downs that fit perfectly in all areas without being custom tailored are basically unicorns. #2: Non Button Down: The benefits to non-button down shirts include more variety, no contention with gaping buttons, and more comfort overall. The issue on this side of things is that it’s a challenge to find blouses that aren’t too casual, sheer, or loud in their design. Lots of people run into the paradox of choice here because there are many, many options and it can be unclear which are appropriate. Here are some guidelines for the types of blouses you should choose for a business casual outfit: Has sleeves - Some workplaces will allow nice sleeveless blouses, but to be safe you should stick to designs with sleeves until you get confirmation on the policy. Relatively conservative color - Jewel tones and pastels are great, but nothing neon, no super loud prints. Not see-through - If a shirt is sheer, have something to easily layer beneath it that doesn’t look sloppy or bulky. Not too many extra details - In general, you should avoid sheer panels or lace cut-outs. One fun detail like decorative buttons should be okay, but decorative buttons plus a giant bow plus a lace hemline will look a little too garish for the workplace. If it feels boring, you can use accessories to spice things up. Sweaters: Yes or No? If a blazer and slacks or a skirt is the most common business formal outfit for women, some people say that slacks and a sweater is a standard business casual outfit. However, sweaters are tricky because they don’t work in all climates, and they run the risk of looking too casual compared to a tailored blouse. Furthermore, sweaters can show their wear pretty quickly thanks to shrinking or stretching, loose threads, and fading dye. That’s why I'm focusing more on blouses and blazers as opposed to sweaters, but if you really like wearing them, feel free to mix in some cardigans or other classy sweaters! Shoes and Accessories As discussed above, your outside choice- coat, shoes, and bag- are crucial pieces. In addition to these, you might also consider: Subtle jewelry A watch A silk scarf A low-key manicure Here are a few examples of business casual outfits that follow the pants/blouse model: Outfit 2: Skirt/Blouse Your second option is similar to the first, but replaces the pants with a skirt! Skirt When choosing a skirt, you should (at least initially) stick with options that don’t have too many bells and whistles and aren’t too short. A length just above the knee or even longer is ideal if you want to err on the more conservative side of things. The shape of the skirt is also something to consider. If you want to look professional, straight or pencil skirts are safe bets. Most A-line skirts will also work as long as they’re not too puffy. Puffy skirts can have a princess-like look that might seem too casual or immature for certain office environments. Again, neutral colors are smart choices because you’ll be able to pair the skirt with a variety of different blouses, although subtly patterned skirts can also be great options as long as they’re an appropriate length and style. Blouse For advice on choosing blouses, see the discussion in the previous section! Shoes and Accessories Again, you can incorporate some classy accessories into your look if you feel like it’s too plain. A small pop of bright color against a neutral outfit always looks nice, and it’s a way of making things more interesting without undermining the professionalism of the look as a whole. Sticking to just one accessory at first is a smart idea. Here are examples of appropriate skirt/blouse combos (some including nice sweaters as an extra layer): Outfit 3: Dress/Blazer Our final standby outfit is quite different from the others, but offers a bit more playfulness and room to experiment! Dress In choosing a dress for a business casual look, you should be on the lookout for styles with hems that fall just above the knee or lower. Shift and A-line dresses are safe bets as long as they’re an appropriate length and not too flimsy or excessively tight. Avoid sundresses, cocktail dresses, dresses with super loud prints, and dresses with cutouts. Necklines should be high cut rather than a deep V or wide neck. It’s best to assume that sleeveless dresses are off limits as well until you know otherwise. You can still wear one, but be prepared to leave your blazer on over it in the office. Blazer Ah, the blazer- that piece of clothing which seems to universally scream â€Å"business!† Since we’re in the realm of business casual for women, you don’t need to worry about getting a fancy-schmancy, lined, tailored blazer (though you can if you want to). Instead, just focus on finding a fit and color you like. Again, stick to a neutral color. It will match with a variety of outfits and won’t be too much of a distraction in the workplace. Save your hot pink blazer for after you’ve settled in and proven yourself. Also, try on different lengths. Blazers range from waist-length to hip-length to tunic-style. You may decide that one style suits you better than another. As with the other pieces in this guide, lean toward more conservative cuts (i.e. nothing super short or sleeveless) Also, don’t be afraid to bargain-shop. I found a simple black blazer at Forever 21 for probably less than $20 once, and I’ve used it to â€Å"class up† my outfits for years. You don’t have to splurge to look stylish. Although, in general, Forever 21 is probably not the best place to go to find durable professional wear. Shoes and Accessories The shoes you get to match this type of outfit depends on your personal style, but ankle boots, ballet flats, and pumps are all good options. Shoes in neutral colors are your best bet because you can wear them with a variety of different outfits. You might also choose to accessorize with one or two subtle pieces of jewelry that echo the color palette of the rest of your outfit. Here are a few examples of office-appropriate outfits that incorporate dresses and blazers (or cardigans): Adapting Business Casual for Summer and Winter Finding appropriate business casual outfits is made even more difficult if you live in an area with drastic temperature fluctuations from season to season. Here are some tips on how to adapt your business casual for women style so you can stay comfortable throughout these climate changes. How to Dress Business Casual in Summer Summer is especially difficult time to dress for work, since outside temperatures make traditional office staples like long slacks, tights, and long-sleeved shirts uncomfortable. At the same time, many of us have to deal with freezing temperatures inside the office thanks to aggressive air-conditioning. So what can you do to cope with the temperature whiplash? #1: Look for Light, Natural Fabrics Time to start reading clothing labels! When shopping for summer work clothes, go for natural fabrics like cotton and linen instead of polyester or polyester blends, because they’re less breathable. Also make sure to avoid heavier natural fabrics like wool. #2: Check the Sleeveless Policy Be careful about going sleeveless unless other coworkers do it! If it’s your first week in a new office, don’t assume it’s acceptable, but if you’ve worked there for a while and you know it won’t be objectionable, sleeveless dresses and blouses are a great way to stay cool. If you do go sleeveless, make sure you still follow all the basic business casual rules- no sheer fabrics, relatively conservative colors- and avoid anything strapless. #3: Ditch the Tights/Pantyhose You can definitely skip tights and pantyhose in the summer (unless you happen to work in a very traditional office), but keep your skirt and dress lengths conservative. Just above the knee or lower is fine, but avoid anything that veers into mini-skirt or mini-dress territory for work. #4: Investigate Sandal Options Thick leather loafers or closed-toe heels that were comfortable in cold weather might not be your favorite choice for summer. Scout out what other women in your office are wearing (are open-toed shoes ok based on what you see?). Summer friendly options include: Canvas slip-ons (even toms, depending on the office) Espiradilles Sandals in neutral colors Make sure to avoid shoes that look too casual, including flip flops and sneakers. #5: Bring Some Layers! Like we mentioned earlier, your office AC might make you cold during the day despite an uncomfortably warm commute. It’s smart to have a cardigan or blazer on hand that you can slip on if things get too chilly. If you pick one in a neutral shade like black, grey, or navy that matches all your work outfits, you only have to worry about having one! Just make sure to avoid any layers that look too casual, like hoodies or denim jackets. Or Snuggies. How to Dress Business Casual in Winter On the flip side, it can be difficult to deal with colder temperatures in winter, not to mention slogging through rain and/or snow to get to work. The good news is that more traditional office wear- pants, blazers, tights or pantyhose, wool materials- tend to keep you warmer than casual clothes. The challenge is shoring up your outfits with additional layers to keep you warm, investing in durable shoes, and finding warm but professional coats. If You Drive... Since you don’t have to cope with slogging through ice and snow, you might be able to get away with skipping winter boots and a parka. That said, if it’s freezing, no one will judge you for wearing a parka into the office or arriving in your snow boots as long as you slip into more office-appropriate footwear once you're inside. If You Commute/Walk... Definitely wear all the layers of clothes and shoes you need to get to work safely and warmly- parka, snow boots, scarf, mittens, etc. You can keep a pair of dress shoes at the office to change into when you get there. Consider wearing tights or long underwear under your work clothes, including your slacks, to help keep warm. You can even double up on tights for extra insulation! Where to Shop for Business Casual Outfits for Women So where do you go to find all this stuff? There’s a ton of options out there. I’ll categorize some of the best places to look for business casual clothes for women by price range so you can make smart decisions about where to begin your shopping. Lowest price point Target Old Navy HM Nordstrom Rack T. J. Maxx Macy's Kohl's JCPenney Dressbarn Medium price point The Gap Express The Limited Ann Taylor Modcloth Banana Republic Dillard's Nordstrom Talbots ASOS Zara Topshop UNIQLO j. jill High price point Anthropologie Calvin Klein Nordstrom J. Crew (suiting collection) Joie Boden Brooks Brothers Club Monaco Moving Forward: How to Take Style Cues from Your Office As you settle into your new office, you can start to tailor (heh) your wardrobe to fit the company culture rather than sticking with generic business casual looks. Here are a few tips on how to use your observations in the office to inform subtle outfit updates that will make a positive impact on the image you present at work. #1: Observe How Management/High-Performers Dress You know the old saying â€Å"dress for the job you want, not the job you have?† It’s actually good advice. You don’t want your work outfits to be just formal enough that they’re barely considered appropriate. You want build an overall professional, competent image for yourself. One tip in that regard is to pay particular attention to how managers and/or high-performers at your job present themselves. If you dress similarly, you're likely to be seen as one of the more focused, driven members of the team as well. #2: Don’t Completely Copy Outfits- Create Your Own Spin-Offs On the flip side, you shouldn’t carbon-copy someone else’s style, especially if it’s quite different from what you normally wear! It’s awkward, and it might suggest that you lack your own creativity or gusto. Look at how other people dress, and think about how you can create your own variations on their outfits that aligns with your personal style. #3: Pay Attention to Weekly Patterns Do people dress down on Friday? Are there specific events where people are dressed more formally (important meetings etc), or does everyone maintain the same level of formality all week? By paying attention to these cues, you’ll ensure that your outfits never look too formal or too casual. #4: Determine If Day-to-Night Transferability Is Important Some offices require you to attend work dinners or events where you're expected to dress more formally, while others focus solely on dressing for the 9-5. When in doubt, stray towards more formal looks! #5: Don’t Try to Pioneer New Office Fashion Trends (Unless You Work in a Creative Field) Even if there’s an event like a company party or dinner or fundraiser, and you’re not sure how to dress for it, you should lean toward more formal and business-y looks rather than either casual or overly dressy. It’s probably not the best time to break out your new pink faux fur jacket and light up sneakers or your full-length ball gown. I do love this jacket though. (Flickr/kelly) Business Casual for Women: Key Tips and Reliable Styles Business casual dress codes are extremely common in office environments, but it can be hard to sort out what's appropriate when you have so many different styles to choose from. Here's a quick recap of the guidelines established in this article. First, the five rules to live by when dressing for a business casual workplace: #1: No clothes with stains, rips, or wrinkles#2: Dress from the outside in (start with staple pieces like shoes, coats, and bags)#3: Follow the 50% rule- half of your outfit should be formal pieces#4: Don't dress too far out of your comfort zone#5: Start with a neutral color foundation (navy, khaki, olive green, black, or grey) Three outfit combinations that, given certain style constraints, will always be appropriate include: #1: Pants with a blouse#2: A skirt with a blouse#3: A dress with a blazer As you get more comfortable in your new office, you can adapt the rules to fit with the specific policies put in place by your company. Over time, you'll be able to personalize your business casual looks to match more with your personal style in casual dress.

Should drugs be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should drugs be legalized - Essay Example The congress in Canada set up a commission of enquiry to look into the issues that had been raised by the public and the lawyers. Many recommendations were made. To date, those recommendations are yet to be implemented. They have asked the question several times, ‘Should drugs be legalized?’ Before this question is answered, here is background information about substance abuse. Substance abuse is the use of mind controlling harmful drugs and other activity enhancing substances that are not approved for use by any qualified professional medical practitioner. These substances include alcohol, narcotics, cannabis, glue types, stimulants, sedatives, and hallucinogens. Some of these substances are abused against the regulations of bodies such as FIFA. Activity enhancing drugs have been banned from their use in sporting activities. The focus of this article is on the narcotics, such as cannabis, methamphetamine, opium, heroin, and cocaine. Substance abuse means the same as drug abuse. This is because of the dependency effect of the drugs that cause the users to become drug addicts. In a bid to curb drug trafficking and drug abuse, the Drug Enforcement Agency in the United States was formed. Many issues have been raised on whether this business should be made legal since the war on drugs seems a long road without success. Gore Vidal of The New York Times and Will iam Bennett have opinions on this topic that form the basis of this discussion. Should drugs be legalized? Gore Vidal in his article â€Å"Drugs: Case for Legalizing Marijuana,† gives the opinion that the substance abuse in the United States can be a thing of the past if only all drugs are made available but at a high cost. All drugs available should have a clear, accurate, and well-labeled description of the effects of the substance use. According to this writer, the bill of rights in the United States was paramount. Every citizen of the United